Statistics at square one. XVI-The chi squared 2 tests.

On the multi _ chi-square tests and their data complexity

Chi-square tests are generally used for distinguishing purposes; however when they are combined to simultaneously test several independent variables, extra notation is required. In this study, the chi-square statistics in some previous works is revealed to be computed half of its real value. Therefore, the notion of Multi _ Chi-square tests is formulated to avoid possible future confusions. In ...

Information Divergence is more chi squared distributed than the chi squared statistics

For testing goodness of fit it is very popular to use either the χ-statistic or G-statistics (information divergence). Asymptotically both are χ-distributed so an obvious question is which of the two statistics that has a distribution that is closest to the χ-distribution. Surprisingly, when there is only one degree of freedom it seems like the distribution of information divergence is much bet...

Chi-Squared Tests in Dual Frame Surveys

In order to obtain better coverage of the population of interest and cost less, a number of surveys employ dual frame structure, in which independent samples are taken from two overlapping sampling frames. This research considers chi-squared tests in dual frame surveys when categorical data is encountered. We extend generalized Wald’s (1943) test, Rao-Scott first-order and second-order correcte...

Statistics at square one: XVIII-Correlation.

to recover. All that one can say is that it is likely that many fail to achieve their full potential in adult life. Recent studies have shown that concentration of care on labour and the first weeks of life, which are the most dangerous times in the life of the baby, has paid dividends. By using continuous monitoring for all women, fetal death during labour can be eliminated. Equally, the provi...

Statistics at square one. III--Standard deviation.